• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component (2), after which the sintered component (2) along an axis (3) passes through several die sections (7-11) of a die tool (1) whose inner diameter (17) is smaller in the pressing direction and wherein the individual matrizenabschnitte (7-11) are arranged such that a subsequent die portion (8-11) of the plurality of die sections (7-11) each directly to the respective preceding in the pressing direction die section (7-10 ), and after the surface compacting in a to the last Matrizen section (11) with decreasing inner diameter (17) a relaxation of the sintered component (2) in a directly adjoining the last die section (11) relief section (21), the one in comparison with the immediately preceding last die section (11) of the die section (7-11) with decreasing internal diameter esser (17) larger inner diameter (22) is carried out. The sintered component (2) is calibrated in the unloading section (21), for which purpose the inner contour of this unloading section (21) corresponds to the nominal contour with nominal dimension of the sintered component (2).
    公开号:AT517989A1
    申请号:T51059/2015
    申请日:2015-12-14
    公开日:2017-06-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component, after which the sintered component is moved along an axis from a first die opening in the direction of a second die opening of a die tool opposite the first die opening along the axis, wherein the sintered component has a plurality of die sections during this movement of the die tool and thereby compacting a surface area of the sintered component, for which an inner diameter of the successive die sections becomes smaller in the pressing direction and the individual die sections are arranged such that a subsequent die section of the plurality of die sections respectively immediately adjoins the corresponding die section preceding the pressing direction, and in that, after the surface compacting, the pressure at the end of the last die section decreases as the inner diameter decreases Rbauteils in a subsequent directly to the last die portion relief section having a larger compared to the immediately before formed last die portion of the die portion with decreasing inner diameter larger inner diameter is performed.
    Sintered components, ie workpieces made of pressed and sintered metal powder have long been an alternative to cast or from the fully machined workpieces. However, the more or less pronounced porosity of the sintered components due to the production process has a negative effect on the mechanical properties of a sintered component, which limits the use of components produced by powder metallurgy.
    To reduce the surface porosity, different methods are known from the prior art. For example, rotationally symmetrical sintered components are often rolled.
    From JP 10 085 995 A a method for compacting a sintered component using a die tool is known. The Matrizenwerkstück has a plurality of die sections which adjoin one another directly, wherein in the pressing direction of the sintered component by the die tool, the inner diameter of the die sections are smaller.
    A similar method is known from RU 2 156 179 C2.
    From EP 2 066 468 A2 a method for surface compacting a sintered component is known in which the sintered component is moved in a die tool along an axis in a pressing direction through a plurality of die sections from a first die section at a first die opening into a last die section, wherein a wall surface each die section forms at least one pressing surface against which a contact surface formed by an outer surface of the sintered component is pressed, and an inner contour defined by the pressing surface in a cross-section with respect to the axis corresponds at least approximately to an outer contour defined by the contact surface. During the movement of the sintered component from the first die opening into the last die section, the surface compression takes place by means of template sections which merge into one another continuously and monotonically decreasing inner diameters of the die sections measured between cooperating pressing surfaces.
    In the method according to the latter EP-A2 may optionally also be carried out a calibration of the sintered component after the surface compression. For this purpose, a subsequent calibration section is provided after the last die section, which has a calibration diameter corresponding to a nominal diameter of the sintered component on its outer surface. The calibration section can be directly adjacent to the last die section, i. connect the second, lower die opening, or else be provided with a gap between the last die section and the dimensionally stable Kalibrierabschnitt, whereby an intermediate relief of the sintered component is possible before calibration. It is further described that the calibration section comprises a voltage applied to the second, opposite tool surface calibration plate. The calibration of the sintered component can take place either immediately after the last surface compacting or with the interposition of a relief section. The relief section connects directly to the second die opening.
    The object of the invention is to provide a simplified method for surface compression of a sintered component.
    The object of the invention is achieved with the method mentioned above, in which the sintered component is calibrated in the relief section, for which purpose the inner contour of this relief section corresponds to the nominal contour with nominal dimension of the sintered component.
    The advantage here is that prior to calibration, no further deformation of the sintered component takes place from the unloaded state, whereby the burr formation on the sintered component caused by the kneading effect during surface compacting can be reduced. In addition, so that the matrix tool is less mechanically loaded, since further compression of the sintered component from the unloaded state requires higher forming forces after it has already been densified on the surface in the previous compression steps. By merging the calibration section with the relief section, the process duration for surface compression and calibration of the sintered component can also be shortened.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the method can be provided that a die tool is used, in which the relief section is formed. It is thus preferred to use a one-piece die tool both for the surface compression and the calibration of the sintered component. On the one hand, this can shorten the set-up time of the compaction and calibrating press, since an aligned alignment of the die tool with the calibration plate, as is necessary in the prior art, can be omitted.
    As a result, on the other hand, the component accuracy can be increased.
    Due to the one-piece nature of this tool, however, it can also be exposed to higher loads or errors in the transition of the sintered component from the die tool into the calibration plate, as can occur in the tools of the prior art, can be avoided.
    It is also possible that the sintered component is moved again after the calibration against the pressing direction by the last of the die sections with decreasing inner diameter. It can thus be further increased the accuracy of the sintered component.
    According to another embodiment of the method can be provided that the inner contour of the penultimate Matrizenabschnitts the sequence of Matrizenabschnitt with decreasing inner diameter with respect to the geometric dimensions in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the inner contour of the Matrizenabschnitts with, the desired dimension having desired contour corresponds. This embodiment variant is particularly advantageous if the sintered component is removed again via the first die opening, via which it was introduced into the die. It is thus achieved that the sintered component passes through a calibration section three times during its production. The sintered component is first compressed to the nominal dimension in said penultimate die section. In the subsequent last die section with decreasing inner diameter, it is then compressed once again before it again enters a calibration section, wherein it is also relaxed in this at the same time. After the reversal of motion, the sintered component again passes through said last die section and is calibrated again in the penultimate die section. It can thus the component accuracy can be improved.
    According to a further embodiment variant of the method, it can be provided that the sintered component has a first edge and a second edge opposite in the pressing direction, which are formed at transitions between an end face which can be placed against the die sections and axial end faces of the sintered component, and in that the first and / or the second edge is faceted before insertion into the die tool. On the one hand, it can do that
    Introducing the sintered component can be improved in the die tool, since it comes through the faceting to a small shearing at the edges of the sintered component. It can thus reduce the risk of breakage during insertion of the sintered component in the die tool. In addition, it was also observed that in (almost) cylindrical components, such as gears, an improvement of the "cylinder geometry" can be achieved, so the sintered components also have a higher component accuracy. With this embodiment, but also a burr formation can be counteracted in the region of the edges. This in turn reduces the manufacturing cost of the sintered component, since the subsequent burr removal is easier or can be omitted. Such burrs on sintered components can lead to destruction of further (sintered) components bearing against the sintered components, in particular if the sintered components are intended for rotating movements. In addition to these effects can be increased with this embodiment variant by reducing the edge support and the supporting portion of the sintered component.
    To further improve these effects, it can be provided according to an embodiment variant that the first edge, which is arranged above the second edge during the surface compacting and calibrating of the sintered component, is made more facetted than the second edge. It can thus be achieved that in the upper direction of the sintered component in the pressing direction more clearance for the displacement of material in the pressing direction underlying areas of the sintered component is provided.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    Each shows in a simplified, schematic representation:
    1 shows a section through a section of a die tool with a sintered component just before the insertion position.
    FIG. 2 shows the section through the cutout from the die tool according to FIG. 1 with the sintered component in the calibration position; FIG.
    3 shows a section through a tool for faceting the sintered component;
    4 shows a schematic state comparison of the sintered component after sintering, after the faceting and after the surface compacting and calibrating.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Further, the positional items selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and to transmit mutatis mutandis to the new situation in a change in position.
    It should be noted at this point that, while calibrating a sintered component, its processing is understood to be at least approximate production of the nominal dimensions of the component in a tool by pressing stress. By "at least approximate" is meant that deviations from the nominal size within the usual tolerances are allowed.
    For the purposes of the invention, the term "nominal dimension" is understood to mean a final dimension which the finished sintered component 2 is to have, if appropriate minus the enlargement of the sintered component 2 after relaxation (ie the ejection from the calibration die, as will be explained below), through the Springback behavior of the sintered material is defined due to the elastic springback. The proportion of Springback behavior can be determined empirically. In other words, the nominal dimension plus the possibly occurring magnification results in the final dimension due to the elastic springback.
    FIGS. 1 and 2 show a detail of a die tool 1 for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component 2 in longitudinal section.
    The sintered component 2 consists of pressed and subsequently sintered powder metal, the methods and materials for producing such a sintered blank from the prior art being well known and therefore not explained in detail.
    For surface compacting and calibrating, the sintered component 2 is moved along an axis 3 through the die tool 1.
    The die tool 1 comprises a tool base body 4 which has a first (upper) die opening 6 on a tool surface 5, from which a plurality of die sections 7 to 11 lead into the interior of the tool main body 4 along the axis 3. In this case, the first die section 7 adjoins the first die opening 6, whereas the last die section 11 is closer to one of the first tool surface 5 along the axis opposite the second tool surface 12 and a second die opening 13 formed therein.
    The sintered component 2 is designed disc-shaped in the illustrated embodiment and has on a radial outer surface 14, i. the end face, a diameter 15, which corresponds to a raw diameter before the surface compression and corresponds to the surface compacting to a smaller final diameter.
    In general, preferably rotationally symmetrical and / or at least approximately cylindrical sintered components 2, in particular toothed wheels, etc., are surface-compacted and calibrated with the die tool 1. However, other sintered components 2 can also be processed accordingly with the die tool 1.
    The surface compaction of the sintered component 2 takes place by being introduced through the first die opening 6 into the first die section 7 and subsequently moved into all further die sections 8 to 11, wherein in each die section 7 to 11 the outer surface 14 of the sintered component 2 at least on portions of Outer surface 14 against wall surfaces 16 of the Matrizenab sections 7 to 11 is pressed. In this case, one or more contact surfaces on the outer surface 14 of the sintered component 2 come into pressure contact with one or more pressing surfaces on the wall surfaces 16 of the die sections 7 to 11. The contact surface may be formed by part or all of the outer surface 14 of the sintered component 2. The pressing surface can be formed by a partial section of the wall surface 16 or even by the entire wall surface 16, whereby the partial section can relate to the axial extension and / or also to the extension in the circumferential direction.
    The pressing effect is achieved by an inner diameter 17 of the die sections 7 to 11, which is defined by the inside width between opposing sections of the pressing surface of a die section 7 to 11, each smaller than the diameter 15 of the sintered component 2 before it the respective die section 7 to 11 is introduced. Generally, the die sections 7 to 11 preferably have an inner contour which corresponds to the outer contour of the sintered component 2, but each die section 7 to 11 has a circumference smaller than the circumference of the sintered component 2 before being introduced into the respective die section 7 to 11 becomes.
    The successive die sections 7 to 11 along the axis 3 go immediately (steadily), i. without intermediate portions, into each other and have from the first die portion 7 to the last die portion 11 (monotonically) decreasing inner diameter 17, i. that successive die sections 7 to 11 can be the same size or in particular smaller, but not larger. As a result, the pressing action on the contact surface of the sintered component 2 increases from the first die portion 7 to the last die portion 11, thereby defining a pressing direction along the axis 3 facing the last die portion 11 from the first die portion 7. The movement of the sintered component 2 in the die tool 1 preferably takes place rectilinearly in this pressing direction from the first die opening 6 to the last die segment 11, followed by the removal of the sintered component 2 from the die tool 1 preferably reversing direction of movement against the pressing direction through the first die opening 6.
    The rectilinear movement in the direction of the axis 3 can also be superimposed by a rotational movement, as a result of which the sintered component 2 in the die tool 1 performs a screwing movement.
    Due to the interference fit, which is effective between the mentioned contact surfaces and the said pressing surfaces, compressive stresses are generated, which are oriented substantially perpendicular to the contact surfaces. These stresses acting on the contact surfaces in the sintered component 2 cause both elastic and plastic deformation of the sintered component 2 , wherein the plastic portion causes the permanent surface compaction. In this surface compaction, the powder metal particles joined together by pressing and subsequent sintering on so-called bridges are strongly pressed against each other and plastically deformed. The existing between the powder metal particles after sintering pore-like cavities are thereby reduced in volume and increases the material density in this area.
    The effect of surface compaction is greatest directly at the contact surface and decreases toward the interior of the sintered component 2. By means of the method, it is typically possible to compact edge layers of sintered components 2 having a thickness of a few hundredths of a millimeter up to several tenths of a millimeter and above.
    The relative movement between the sintered component 2 and the die tool 1 required for carrying out the method can be achieved by moving the sintered component 2 and / or by moving the die tool 1, wherein the sintered component 2 and the die tool 1 are each connected to a suitable drive or a fixed frame , During the surface compacting and the subsequent calibration, the sintered component 2 is clamped between an upper punch 18 and a lower punch 19. For the downward movement of the upper punch 18 presses from the top of the sintered component 2, the lower punch 19 can be pulled down or he is also pressed by the upper punch 18 down. For the preferred ejection of the sintered component 2 via the first die opening 6, the lower punch 19 is pushed upwards and, if appropriate, the upper punch 18 can be pulled upwards. For these movements of the upper punch 18 and the Unterstem-pels 19 corresponding, not shown, drives are provided.
    The transition from a die section 7 to 10 to the adjoining die section 8 to 11 can be designed as a chamfer 20, or be provided with a rounding, wherein in the pressing direction to a concave curve can connect a convex curve. As a result, a smooth transition of the sintered component 2 from a die section 7 to 10 to the subsequent die section 8 to 11 can take place without an unintentional material removal on the sintered component 2 being effected by a sheep-edged step, or the edges breaking off at the transitions of the die tool 1. As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, such a chamfer can also be formed on the first die opening 6. The chamfers 20 and the respective curves are part of the respective die section 7 to 11, thus forming no intermediate sections.
    Although five die sections 7 to 11 are shown in the embodiment variant of the die tool 1 concretely illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the die tool 1 may generally have between three and eight or more than eight such die sections.
    Since this embodiment of the die tool 1 is known in principle from the above-mentioned EP 2 066 468 A2, reference is made to further details. EP 2 066 468 A2 belongs in this, the surface densification scope for objective description.
    The last die section 11 shown in FIG. 1 is the die section of the die tool 1, which has the smallest inner diameter 17 or the smallest clear width. Immediately following this last die section 11 with the smallest inner diameter 17, a relief section 21 is provided or formed in the die tool 1. This relief section 21 has a larger inner diameter 22 compared with the last female section 11 formed immediately in front of it with a smaller inner diameter 17. As a result, the sintered component 2 can relax in this relief section 21. Simultaneously with this relaxation takes place in the
    Relief section 21 and the calibration of the sintered component 2. For this purpose, the relief section 21 has an inner contour which corresponds to the desired contour with nominal dimension of the sintered component 2. The inner contour of the relief section 21 is therefore the same as the outer contour of the finished sintered component 2 both in terms of geometry and geometric dimensions (viewed in cross section). This calibration position of the sintered component 2 is shown in FIG.
    Subsequent to the unloading section 21, the die tool 1 still has a further section 23. This section 23 has an inner diameter 17 or a clear width which corresponds to the inner diameter 17 or the clear width of the last die section 11 having the smallest inner diameter 17. The section 23 serves to guide the lower punch 19 in the die tool 1.
    The inner diameter 22 or the clear width of the relief section 21 corresponds to the outer diameter 15 (FIG. 1) or the clear width of the finished sintered component 2. This inner diameter 22 or this clear width of the relief section 21 is at least 0.02%, Especially between 0.02% and 0.1%, larger than the inner diameter 17 and the inside diameter of the last die portion 11 with the smallest inner diameter 17. The inner diameter 22 and the inside diameter of the discharge section 21, however, is not greater than the inner diameter or the inside width of the first die opening 6. It should thus be the at least approximately complete relaxation of the sintered component 2 allows.
    As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the die tool 1 used is preferably formed in one piece, so that it also encompasses the relief section 21. But it is also possible that at least the relief section is formed by a separate, separate, in particular plate-shaped tool, which is arranged immediately after the die tool 1 for carrying out the method for surface compacting and calibrating the sintered component 2.
    According to a variant embodiment of the method for surface compacting and calibrating the sintered component 2, it can be provided that the inner contour of the penultimate die section 10 of the sequence of the die sections 7 to 11 decreases with decreasing inner diameter 17 with respect to the geometric dimensions in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the inner contour of the relief section 21 with the, the nominal dimension aufulweisenden target contour corresponds. In other words, therefore, this penultimate die section 10 viewed in cross-section to the cross section of the relief section 21 and thus to the Kalibrierquerschnitt both in terms of geometry and the geometric dimensions in cross-section ident identical.
    According to a further embodiment variant of the method, it can be provided that the sintered component 2 has a first edge 24 and a second edge 25 opposite this in the pressing direction (as is usual in itself), which at transitions between an end face 26 which can be placed on the die sections and axial end faces 27, 28 of the sintered component are formed, and that the first and / or the second edge is facetted before insertion into the die tool / are. In Fig. 3, a pressing tool 29 is shown in longitudinal section, with which such faceting can be made by pressing.
    The pressing tool comprises a first lower press part 30 and a second upper press part 31. The first and the second press parts 30, 31 have the corresponding negative facets at the corresponding locations where the edges 24 and 25 of the sintered component 2 come into contact , The sintered component 2 is clamped between the first and second press parts 30, 31 after sintering. By compressing these two press parts 30, 31 by a predeterminable stroke, the sintered part 2 is given the faceting by material displacement.
    4 shows a schematic state diagram of the sintered component 2. A line 32 shows the edge state after sintering, the line 33 shows the edge state after machining in the pressing tool 29 and the line 34 the
    Edge condition after surface compacting and calibrating the sintered member 2 in the die tool 1 (Fig. 1).
    The faceting of the edges 24, 25 of the sintered component 2 is carried out in particular as a rounding, as shown in FIG. 4, is. A maximum radius of curvature - the facets may have a radius of curvature varying in their course, as can be seen from FIG. 4 - may be selected from a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
    In principle, the first, upper edge 24 and the second lower edge 25 of the sintered component 2 can be provided with the same facets. According to one embodiment variant, however, it is preferably provided that the first edge 24, which is arranged above the second edge 25 during the surface compacting and calibrating of the sintered component 2, is made more facetted (ie formed with a surface-related larger facet) than the second edge 25 ,
    The method of surface densification and calibration of the sintered component 2 may also be used for surface densification and calibration of breakthroughs such as e.g. Drilling, used in sintered components 2. Instead of the die tool 1, a punch is used for this purpose, which, like the die tool 1, also has sections with different diameters and the corresponding calibration section in the expansion stage, in which case, however, the diameter of the directly merging sections increases (monotonously). All other remarks on die tool 1 apply mutatis mutandis to the stamp, the information "inside" and "outside" are to be changed accordingly.
    The exemplary embodiments show possible embodiments of the die tool 1 or of the pressing tool 29.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that for a better understanding of the structure of the die tool 1 or of the pressing tool 29, they have been shown partially unevenly and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size.
    LIST OF REFERENCES 1 Die Tool 31 Press Part 2 Sintering Component 32 Line 3 Axis 33 Line 4 Tool base 34 Line 5 Tool surface 6 Die opening 7 Die section 8 Die section 9 Die section 10 Die section 11 Die section 12 Tool surface 13 Die opening 14 Outside surface 15 Diameter 16 Wall surfaces 17 Inner diameter 18 Upper punch 19 Lower punch 20 Chamfer 21 Relief section 22 Inner diameter 23 Section 24 Edge 25 Edge 26 End face 27 End face 28 End face 29 Press tool 30 Press part
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component (2), after which the sintered component (2) along an axis (3) from a first die opening (6) towards a second, the first die opening (6) along the axis (3 During this movement, the sintered component (2) passes through a plurality of die sections (7-11) of the die tool (1), thereby compacting a surface region of the sintered component (2), for which purpose FIG Pressing an inner diameter (17) of the successive die sections (7-11) is smaller and the individual die sections (7-11) are arranged such that a subsequent die portion (8-11) of the plurality of die sections (7-11) respectively directly to the corresponding upstream in the pressing direction Matrizenabschnitt (7-10) connects, and that after the surface compression in one of the last Matrizenabschni tt (11) with decreasing inner diameter (17) a relaxation of the sintered component (2) in a directly following the last die section (11) subsequent relief section (21), in comparison to the immediately preceding formed last die section (11) of the die section (7-11) having a smaller inner diameter (17) larger inner diameter (22), is carried out, characterized in that the sintered component (2) in the discharge section (21) is calibrated, including the inner contour of this relief portion (21) of the desired contour with nominal dimension of the sintered component (2) corresponds.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a die tool (1) is used, in which the discharge section (21) is formed.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the sintered component (2) after calibration against the pressing direction again by the last of the die sections (7-11) with decreasing inner diameter (17) is moved.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner contour of the penultimate Matrizenabschnitts (10) of the sequence of Matrizenabschnitten (7-11) with decreasing inner diameter (17) with respect to the geometric dimensions in the direction perpendicular to the pressing direction of the inner contour of Relief section (21) with the, the nominal dimension having desired contour corresponds.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the sintered component (2) has a first edge (24) and in the pressing direction of the opposite second edge (25) at transitions between one of the die sections (7). 11) can be applied to the end face (26) and axial end faces (27, 28) of the sintered component (2), and that the first and / or the second edge (24, 25) is facetted before insertion into the die tool (1). become.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the first edge (24), which is arranged during the surface compacting and calibrating of the sintered component (2) above the second edge (25), is more faceted than the second edge (25). ,
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE102016123407A1|2017-06-14|
    CN106862559B|2019-03-08|
    US11000898B2|2021-05-11|
    AT517989B1|2019-01-15|
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    US20170165755A1|2017-06-15|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA51059/2015A|AT517989B1|2015-12-14|2015-12-14|Method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component|ATA51059/2015A| AT517989B1|2015-12-14|2015-12-14|Method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component|
    CN201611059202.9A| CN106862559B|2015-12-14|2016-11-25|For carrying out the method and mold of surface densification and calibration to sintered component|
    US15/366,339| US11000898B2|2015-12-14|2016-12-01|Method for the surface compaction and calibration of a sintered component|
    DE102016123407.9A| DE102016123407A1|2015-12-14|2016-12-05|Method for surface compacting and calibrating a sintered component|
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